Eighty-four years ago, Orson Welles created Citizen Kane and it remains the zenith, the apex of filmmaking. It completed the migration of theatre into cinema. No film before or since defined the nucleus of cinema, the art form of the 20th century, as this seminal 1941 masterpiece did. With great danger and risk, it captured lighting from the eye of the viewer and editing from the mind of the viewer and it redefined film acting. All from the mind of a 26-year old actor/director/producer/magician and visionary who knew little about filmmaking, who cared less about moviemaking, who dared to ask "why not?", who drove a stake into the desert of Hollywood from which a gushing spring erupted that gave light and sustenance to Bergman, Kubrick, Kurasawa, Satyajit Ray,Truffaut, Lean, Besson, Jordan, Potter and a host of other masterful filmmakers who followed.
This despite the
sinister,
mean-spirited, attack
leveled at Welles by a
raging critic of the
time, Pauline Kael, who
like all critics is
dead and
nearly-forgotten. Citizen Kane is very much alive.
With this film, Welles
also made a bold
attempt to solve the
last lingering barrier
in the medium...
quantum time –
past, present, future
– always so
clumsily addressed in
the ever-present
"flashback." He used
the muscle of stunning
visuals ripped by
breathtaking editing.
It didn't quite work.
It was finally solved
ten years later by
Swedish director, Alf
Sjöberg inMiss Julie.
Welles was born in May,
1915 and died in
October, 1985. He was a
child prodigy. His life
and career spanned the
birth and flowering of
cinema. He was already
a heralded 'star' in
live theatre when he
went to Hollywood armed
with what he called,
"the confidence of
ignorance." He
became a 'star' in the
movies and a
self-contained
filmmaker who stirred
such incredible envy
and jealousy in Beverly
Hills, that like
Stanley Kubrick, it
drove him into exile in
Europe. But unlike
Kubrick, he could never
uncover
a'patron-of-auteur' and
so he struggled his
entire career to
realize his visions.
Citizen Kane was nominated for nine Academy Awards. At the awards ceremony, the audience of Hollywood-ites booed each time one of those nominations was announced. The film only received an Oscar for its screenplay. Years later, Welles received an honorary Life Time Achievement award from the Academy (which he refused to accept in person) and a Lifetime Achievement award from the American Film Institute along with many other honors around the world including Cannes.
He also nearly had a
political career. In
the 30's and 40's,
Welles was a friend and
supporter of Franklin
Roosevelt. FDR, and
others urged him to run
for office. They
explored the Senate
race in California and
decided he would have a
better chance if he
went after the position
in the state where he
was born, Wisconsin.
The final analysis was
that he would have to
engage a remarkable
campaign to win. Welles
decided not to try
which left him with a
regret of conscience
for the rest of his
life. His opponent
would have been Joseph
McCarthy and if he had
indeed run a
'remarkable campaign'
and won, there may have
been no McCarthyism
(until today!).
Above all, Orson Welles
was a performer, an
actor and a superb film
actor. He brought a
natural acting talent
from the stage, shaped
by charisma, a sense of
simplistic movement, a
magnificent speaking
voice with the control
of a trained opera
singer, and a vibrant
sense of theatricality.
He instinctively and
immediately understood
the embrace of the
camera. It was a love
affair that lasted
until he died.
Who could do the roles,
today, that Welles did
in some great and not
so great films. Films
like – "Touch Of
Evil", "The Third Man",
"Othello", "Macbeth",
"Chimes At
Midnight", "The Black
Rose", "Moby Dick",
"The Lady From
Shanghai", "The
Stranger". When Welles
was alive and
performing, there were
a number of actors with
the mature power and
aura and subtlety who
could have handled some
of his roles. Who
today?
Despite Bogdanavich and
Olga and Beatrice, his
legacy remains as he
created and recorded
it. And that includes a
great collaboration
between Welles and
William Shakespeare
which produced the best
ever rendition of
Shakespeare in cinema
(even when
compared with
Zeffirelli's "Romeo and
Juliet" and Branagh's
"Hamlet")… Chimes At Midnight... the roots of which can be seen and felt in Citizen Kane.
|